A ductless split system, also known as a ductless mini-split, is an energy-efficient HVAC solution that provides heating and cooling without requiring extensive ductwork. These systems are ideal for homes with impractical ductwork or supplemental climate control in individual rooms. Below, we'll break down the essential functions and components of a ductless split system, following the sequence of operation.
Outdoor Unit (Condenser/Heat Pump) – Houses the compressor, fan, and heat exchange coils.
Indoor Unit (Evaporator) – Mounted on the wall or ceiling, this is the part that cools or heats the air in the room.
Refrigerant Lines – Copper tubes that carry refrigerant between the indoor and outdoor units.
Expansion Valve – Regulates refrigerant flow to the evaporator.
Thermostat/Remote Control – Used to set the desired temperature and control the system.
Power Supply – Provides electricity to both the indoor and outdoor units.
Thermostat Senses Temperature:
When the room temperature deviates from the set point on the thermostat or remote control, it signals the ductless split system to begin operation.
Refrigerant Cycle Begins:
In cooling mode, the outdoor unit's compressor pressurizes the refrigerant and pumps it toward the indoor unit. In heating mode (using a heat pump), the system reverses the refrigerant flow to extract heat from the outside air.
Refrigerant Cools or Heats the Air:
4Inside the indoor unit, the refrigerant passes through the evaporator coil. In cooling mode, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air, cooling the air.In heating mode, the refrigerant releases heat into the room.
Expansion Valve Regulates Refrigerant Flow:
Before entering the indoor evaporator coil, the refrigerant passes through the expansion valve, which reduces its pressure and temperature, allowing it to absorb heat effectively during the cooling process.
Refrigerant Returns to Outdoor Unit:
After absorbing the indoor heat, the refrigerant returns to the outdoor unit where the cycle repeats. In heating mode, the outdoor unit absorbs heat from the outside air, even at low temperatures, and pumps it back inside.
System Maintains Set Temperature:
Once the desired temperature is achieved, the thermostat signals the system to shut off, maintaining energy efficiency.If the temperature changes, the cycle restarts to maintain comfort.
Energy Efficiency:
With no ductwork, there's less energy loss than traditional HVAC systems.
Zoned Comfort:
Individual units allow you to control the temperature in specific rooms or areas.
Easy Installation:
Ductless systems are less invasive, requiring only a tiny hole for the refrigerant lines.
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